Anatomy
of the kidney
1) macroscopic
The kidneys are located on the back upper abdomen, behind the peritoneum, in front of the last two ribs and three large muscles (transversus abdominis, quadratus lumborum and psoas major). Kidney in adults penjangnya to 13 cm, 6 cm wide and weighing both kidneys is less than 1% by weight of the body or kidney weight between 120-150 grams.
Shaped like a pea, the numbers there are 2 pieces of the left and right, the left kidney is larger than the right kidney and the kidney in general men are longer than in female kidneys. Kidney retained in position by a thick fat pad. Longitudinal section of kidney shows two distinct regions of the cortex and medulla.
Medulla is divided into triangular wedges called the pyramid. Pyramids are surrounded by the cortex and is composed of segments of the nephron tubules and collecting ducts. Papillae or the apex of each pyramid form papillary ducts of Bellini which formed an integral part of many of the terminal collecting duct (Price, 1995: 773).
2) Microscopic
Each kidney tubules and glumerulusnya form a unity (nephrons). Nephron is the functional unit of the kidney. In each kidney there are about one million nephrons. Each nephron consists of Bowman's capsule, capillary tumbai glomerulus, proximal convoluted tubule, loop of Henle and distal convoluted tubule, which empties keduktus collectors. (Price, 1995)
3) renal vascularization
Dicabangkan renal arteries from the abdominal aorta approximately as high as second lumbar vertebra. Renal venous blood into the venous channel located on the right kavainferior midline. When the renal artery into the hilum, the artery branches into the arteries that run between the pyramid interlobaris subsequently form the arcuate arteries and arterioles form interlobularis arranged parallel in the cortex. Interlobularis artery is then formed on the glomerular afferent arterioles (Price, 1995).
Glomeruli are united to form the afferent arterioles which then divides into capillaries that surround the portal system called the tubules and peritubular capillaries. Blood flowing through the portal system will be channeled into the fabric next to the vein interlobularis vein, vena arkuarta, interlobaris vein, and renal vein to eventually reach the inferior vena cava. Kidney traversed by about 1200 ml of blood per minute of a volume equal to 20-25% of cardiac output (5000 ml / min) more than 90% of blood that goes keginjal located on the cortex while the rest flowed into the medulla. The special nature of renal blood flow is the flow of blood through the kidneys otoregulasi afferent arteiol have an intrinsic capacity that could alter the resistance in response to changes in arterial blood pressure thereby maintaining renal blood flow and glomerular filtration remains constant (Price, 1995).
4) The nerves of the kidney
According to Price (1995) 'The kidneys receive innervation of the renal nerves (vasomotor), this nerve serves to regulate the amount of blood enters the kidneys, nerves are running concurrently with blood vessels that enter the kidneys ".
1) macroscopic
The kidneys are located on the back upper abdomen, behind the peritoneum, in front of the last two ribs and three large muscles (transversus abdominis, quadratus lumborum and psoas major). Kidney in adults penjangnya to 13 cm, 6 cm wide and weighing both kidneys is less than 1% by weight of the body or kidney weight between 120-150 grams.
Shaped like a pea, the numbers there are 2 pieces of the left and right, the left kidney is larger than the right kidney and the kidney in general men are longer than in female kidneys. Kidney retained in position by a thick fat pad. Longitudinal section of kidney shows two distinct regions of the cortex and medulla.
Medulla is divided into triangular wedges called the pyramid. Pyramids are surrounded by the cortex and is composed of segments of the nephron tubules and collecting ducts. Papillae or the apex of each pyramid form papillary ducts of Bellini which formed an integral part of many of the terminal collecting duct (Price, 1995: 773).
2) Microscopic
Each kidney tubules and glumerulusnya form a unity (nephrons). Nephron is the functional unit of the kidney. In each kidney there are about one million nephrons. Each nephron consists of Bowman's capsule, capillary tumbai glomerulus, proximal convoluted tubule, loop of Henle and distal convoluted tubule, which empties keduktus collectors. (Price, 1995)
3) renal vascularization
Dicabangkan renal arteries from the abdominal aorta approximately as high as second lumbar vertebra. Renal venous blood into the venous channel located on the right kavainferior midline. When the renal artery into the hilum, the artery branches into the arteries that run between the pyramid interlobaris subsequently form the arcuate arteries and arterioles form interlobularis arranged parallel in the cortex. Interlobularis artery is then formed on the glomerular afferent arterioles (Price, 1995).
Glomeruli are united to form the afferent arterioles which then divides into capillaries that surround the portal system called the tubules and peritubular capillaries. Blood flowing through the portal system will be channeled into the fabric next to the vein interlobularis vein, vena arkuarta, interlobaris vein, and renal vein to eventually reach the inferior vena cava. Kidney traversed by about 1200 ml of blood per minute of a volume equal to 20-25% of cardiac output (5000 ml / min) more than 90% of blood that goes keginjal located on the cortex while the rest flowed into the medulla. The special nature of renal blood flow is the flow of blood through the kidneys otoregulasi afferent arteiol have an intrinsic capacity that could alter the resistance in response to changes in arterial blood pressure thereby maintaining renal blood flow and glomerular filtration remains constant (Price, 1995).
4) The nerves of the kidney
According to Price (1995) 'The kidneys receive innervation of the renal nerves (vasomotor), this nerve serves to regulate the amount of blood enters the kidneys, nerves are running concurrently with blood vessels that enter the kidneys ".
What
is the function of our kidneys?
Both kidneys are vital organs that perform many functions to keep blood clean and chemically balanced. Understanding of how the kidneys work can help us maintain health.
Our kidneys are oval-shaped organs, each with a similar-sized fist. Organs are located near the middle of the back, just beneath the rib framework. The kidneys are sophisticated machines pendaurulang. Every day, our kidneys describes approximately 200 quarts of blood to sift about two liters of waste materials and excess water. Waste materials and excessive water become urine, which flows into the bladder through a vessel called the ureter. We bladder stores urine until you urinate.
Waste materials in our blood comes from normal breakdown of active tissues and from the food we eat. Your body uses food for energy and repair themselves. Once the body has taken what it needs from food, waste materials sent to the blood. When the kidneys do not eliminate, these waste materials will accumulate in the blood and damage our bodies.
The screening process occurs in a very small element in our kidneys called nephrons. Each kidney contains approximately one million nephrons. In the nephron, a glomerulus - which is very small blood vessel, or capillary - intertwine with urine collection vessels are very small, which is called the tubule. Replacement of the complex chemistry going on, with waste materials and water out of the blood and into the urine system.
At baseline, those receiving combined tubule waste materials and chemicals that are still useful for our body. We share kidneys for instance chemical substance sodium, phosphorus and potassium, and return the material to the body. In this way, your kidneys regulate the levels of chemicals in our bodies. The proper balance needed for life, and if excessive can be bad.
In addition to eliminating waste materials, your kidneys release three important hormones:
• erythropoietin, or EPO, which stimulates bone marrow to make red blood cells
• renin, which regulates blood pressure
• calcitriol, the active form of vitamin D, which helps keep calcium for bones and for normal chemical balance in the body
Both kidneys are vital organs that perform many functions to keep blood clean and chemically balanced. Understanding of how the kidneys work can help us maintain health.
Our kidneys are oval-shaped organs, each with a similar-sized fist. Organs are located near the middle of the back, just beneath the rib framework. The kidneys are sophisticated machines pendaurulang. Every day, our kidneys describes approximately 200 quarts of blood to sift about two liters of waste materials and excess water. Waste materials and excessive water become urine, which flows into the bladder through a vessel called the ureter. We bladder stores urine until you urinate.
Waste materials in our blood comes from normal breakdown of active tissues and from the food we eat. Your body uses food for energy and repair themselves. Once the body has taken what it needs from food, waste materials sent to the blood. When the kidneys do not eliminate, these waste materials will accumulate in the blood and damage our bodies.
The screening process occurs in a very small element in our kidneys called nephrons. Each kidney contains approximately one million nephrons. In the nephron, a glomerulus - which is very small blood vessel, or capillary - intertwine with urine collection vessels are very small, which is called the tubule. Replacement of the complex chemistry going on, with waste materials and water out of the blood and into the urine system.
At baseline, those receiving combined tubule waste materials and chemicals that are still useful for our body. We share kidneys for instance chemical substance sodium, phosphorus and potassium, and return the material to the body. In this way, your kidneys regulate the levels of chemicals in our bodies. The proper balance needed for life, and if excessive can be bad.
In addition to eliminating waste materials, your kidneys release three important hormones:
• erythropoietin, or EPO, which stimulates bone marrow to make red blood cells
• renin, which regulates blood pressure
• calcitriol, the active form of vitamin D, which helps keep calcium for bones and for normal chemical balance in the body
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